R7: per-player transports + drop finished games in the load harness

Each virtual player now builds its own edge.Client (its own h2c connection
carrying both the Subscribe stream and the Execute calls), instead of every
player multiplexing over a single shared http2.Transport. The R2 trip report
traced the ~14% transport_error on game.state at 500 players to that single
shared transport; per-player connections mirror real clients and isolate the
artifact. The assembly burst and the gateway-hammer each get their own client.

playTurn now reports when a game has finished so playerLoop drops it from the
rotation (slices.DeleteFunc); once no active game remains the player idles while
still holding its stream. This stops secondary ops from hammering game_finished
on already-ended games (the other R2 harness finding).

loadtest/cmd/loadtest/main.go

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"scrabble/loadtest/internal/edge"
 	"scrabble/loadtest/internal/moves"
 	"scrabble/loadtest/internal/report"
 	"scrabble/loadtest/internal/scenario"
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ func cmdRun(ctx context.Context, log *slog.Logger, args []string) error {
 	log.Info("seeded", "durable", len(pool.Durables), "guest", len(pool.Guests))
 
 	rec := report.New()
-	drv := scenario.NewDriver(edge.New(*gateway), reg, rec, log)
+	drv := scenario.NewDriver(*gateway, reg, rec, log)
 	cfg := scenario.RealisticConfig{
 		Steps: steps, StepDur: *stepDur, GamesPerPlayer: *gpp,
 		Tick: *tick, SecondaryProb: *secProb,

loadtest/internal/edge/client.go

@@ -41,16 +41,18 @@ const (
 	msgEnqueue    = "lobby.enqueue"
 )
 
-// Client speaks the edge protocol to a single gateway base URL over h2c. It is safe
+// Client speaks the edge protocol to a single gateway base URL over h2c. The harness
-// for concurrent use by many virtual players (the underlying http2.Transport pools
+// builds one Client per virtual player, so each player owns its h2c connection (its
-// and multiplexes connections).
+// Subscribe stream and Execute calls share it) the way a real client does; a single
+// Client is safe for that player's own concurrent goroutines.
 type Client struct {
 	rpc edgev1connect.GatewayClient
 }
 
 // New builds a Client for baseURL (for example http://gateway:8081). The transport
 // speaks HTTP/2 cleartext (h2c) to match the gateway, dialling plaintext TCP rather
-// than TLS.
+// than TLS. Each virtual player gets its own Client (hence its own connection), so the
+// load mirrors real clients instead of multiplexing every player over one transport.
 func New(baseURL string) *Client {
 	hc := &http.Client{
 		Transport: &http2.Transport{

loadtest/internal/scenario/assemble.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func (d *Driver) assembleCohort(ctx context.Context, cohort []seed.Account, game
 	if len(cohort) < 2 {
 		return nil
 	}
+	c := edge.New(d.gateway) // one client for the assembly burst; players play on their own
 	gamesOf := make(map[string]int, len(cohort))
 	var games []*Game
 	for i := range cohort {
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ func (d *Driver) assembleCohort(ctx context.Context, cohort []seed.Account, game
 				break
 			}
 			variant := moves.Variants()[rng.Intn(len(moves.Variants()))]
-			g, err := d.assemble(ctx, members, variant)
+			g, err := d.assemble(ctx, c, members, variant)
 			if err != nil {
 				d.log.Debug("assemble game", "err", err)
 				break
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ func pickMembers(cohort []seed.Account, inviter seed.Account, rng *rand.Rand) []
 // assemble runs the invitation flow for one game: the inviter (members[0]) invites
 // the rest, each invitee accepts the pending invitation, and the completing accept
 // starts the game, which is then located in the inviter's game list.
-func (d *Driver) assemble(ctx context.Context, members []seed.Account, variant string) (*Game, error) {
+func (d *Driver) assemble(ctx context.Context, c *edge.Client, members []seed.Account, variant string) (*Game, error) {
 	inviter := members[0]
 	inviteeIDs := make([]string, len(members)-1)
 	for i, m := range members[1:] {
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ func (d *Driver) assemble(ctx context.Context, members []seed.Account, variant s
 	}
 
 	t0 := time.Now()
-	code, err := d.edge.CreateInvitation(ctx, inviter.Token, inviteeIDs, variant)
+	code, err := c.CreateInvitation(ctx, inviter.Token, inviteeIDs, variant)
 	d.rec.Record("invitation.create", code, time.Since(t0))
 	if err != nil || code != "ok" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invitation.create: %s", code)
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ func (d *Driver) assemble(ctx context.Context, members []seed.Account, variant s
 
 	for _, invitee := range members[1:] {
 		t0 = time.Now()
-		list, lc, err := d.edge.ListInvitations(ctx, invitee.Token)
+		list, lc, err := c.ListInvitations(ctx, invitee.Token)
 		d.rec.Record("invitation.list", lc, time.Since(t0))
 		if err != nil || lc != "ok" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invitation.list: %s", lc)
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ func (d *Driver) assemble(ctx context.Context, members []seed.Account, variant s
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no pending invitation from %s", inviter.ID)
 		}
 		t0 = time.Now()
-		ac, err := d.edge.AcceptInvitation(ctx, invitee.Token, invID)
+		ac, err := c.AcceptInvitation(ctx, invitee.Token, invID)
 		d.rec.Record("invitation.accept", ac, time.Since(t0))
 		if err != nil || ac != "ok" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invitation.accept: %s", ac)
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ func (d *Driver) assemble(ctx context.Context, members []seed.Account, variant s
 	}
 
 	t0 = time.Now()
-	games, gc, err := d.edge.GamesList(ctx, inviter.Token)
+	games, gc, err := c.GamesList(ctx, inviter.Token)
 	d.rec.Record("games.list", gc, time.Since(t0))
 	if err != nil || gc != "ok" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("games.list: %s", gc)

loadtest/internal/scenario/hammer.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"scrabble/loadtest/internal/edge"
 	"scrabble/loadtest/internal/seed"
 )
 
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Hammer(ctx context.Context, acc seed.Account, cfg HammerConfig)
 	runCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, cfg.Duration)
 	defer cancel()
 	d.log.Info("gateway-hammer", "workers", cfg.Workers, "duration", cfg.Duration)
+	c := edge.New(d.gateway)
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	for w := 0; w < cfg.Workers; w++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ func (d *Driver) Hammer(ctx context.Context, acc seed.Account, cfg HammerConfig)
 			defer wg.Done()
 			for runCtx.Err() == nil {
 				t0 := time.Now()
-				_, code, _ := d.edge.GamesList(runCtx, acc.Token)
+				_, code, _ := c.GamesList(runCtx, acc.Token)
 				d.rec.Record("hammer:games.list", code, time.Since(t0))
 			}
 		}()

loadtest/internal/scenario/scenario.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"log/slog"
 	"math/rand"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -18,18 +19,20 @@ import (
 	"scrabble/loadtest/internal/seed"
 )
 
-// Driver ties the edge client, the local move generator and the run recorder
+// Driver ties the gateway endpoint, the local move generator and the run recorder
-// together. All three are safe for concurrent use by many player goroutines.
+// together. It builds one edge client per virtual player, so each player owns its
+// h2c connection (its Subscribe stream and Execute calls share it) the way a real
+// client does, rather than multiplexing every player over a single shared transport.
 type Driver struct {
-	edge  *edge.Client
+	gateway string // gateway base URL, e.g. http://gateway:8081
-	moves *moves.Registry
+	moves   *moves.Registry
-	rec   *report.Recorder
+	rec     *report.Recorder
-	log   *slog.Logger
+	log     *slog.Logger
 }
 
-// NewDriver builds a Driver.
+// NewDriver builds a Driver targeting the gateway base URL.
-func NewDriver(c *edge.Client, m *moves.Registry, rec *report.Recorder, log *slog.Logger) *Driver {
+func NewDriver(gateway string, m *moves.Registry, rec *report.Recorder, log *slog.Logger) *Driver {
-	return &Driver{edge: c, moves: m, rec: rec, log: log}
+	return &Driver{gateway: gateway, moves: m, rec: rec, log: log}
 }
 
 // RealisticConfig parameterises the under-the-limit ramp.
@@ -98,11 +101,16 @@ func (d *Driver) RunRealistic(ctx context.Context, pool *seed.Pool, cfg Realisti
 	return nil
 }
 
-// playerLoop runs one virtual player: a live-event subscription (loads the push hub,
+// playerLoop runs one virtual player over its own edge client (its own h2c
-// counts events) plus a round-robin turn loop over the player's games.
+// connection): a live-event subscription (loads the push hub, counts events) plus a
+// round-robin turn loop over the player's games. A game that has finished is dropped
+// from the rotation so secondary ops stop hitting an ended game; once no active game
+// remains the player idles, still holding its stream, until the run ends.
 func (d *Driver) playerLoop(ctx context.Context, p seed.Account, games []*Game, cfg RealisticConfig, rng *rand.Rand) {
-	go d.subscribeLoop(ctx, p)
+	c := edge.New(d.gateway)
-	if len(games) == 0 {
+	go d.subscribeLoop(ctx, c, p)
+	active := games
+	if len(active) == 0 {
 		<-ctx.Done()
 		return
 	}
@@ -114,22 +122,30 @@ func (d *Driver) playerLoop(ctx context.Context, p seed.Account, games []*Game,
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
 		case <-ticker.C:
-			g := games[gi%len(games)]
+			g := active[gi%len(active)]
 			gi++
 			if rng.Float64() < cfg.SecondaryProb {
-				d.secondaryOp(ctx, p, g, rng)
+				d.secondaryOp(ctx, c, p, g, rng)
 				continue
 			}
-			d.playTurn(ctx, p, g, rng)
+			if d.playTurn(ctx, c, p, g, rng) {
+				active = slices.DeleteFunc(active, func(x *Game) bool { return x == g })
+				gi = 0
+				if len(active) == 0 {
+					<-ctx.Done()
+					return
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// subscribeLoop holds the player's live-event stream open, counting events and
+// subscribeLoop holds the player's live-event stream open on the player's client,
-// reconnecting with a brief backoff after a drop, until the run ends.
+// counting events and reconnecting with a brief backoff after a drop, until the run
-func (d *Driver) subscribeLoop(ctx context.Context, p seed.Account) {
+// ends.
+func (d *Driver) subscribeLoop(ctx context.Context, c *edge.Client, p seed.Account) {
 	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-		err := d.edge.Subscribe(ctx, p.Token, func(e edge.Event) { d.rec.Event(e.Kind) })
+		err := c.Subscribe(ctx, p.Token, func(e edge.Event) { d.rec.Event(e.Kind) })
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return
 		}
@@ -144,80 +160,90 @@ func (d *Driver) subscribeLoop(ctx context.Context, p seed.Account) {
 	}
 }
 
-// playTurn plays one turn in g when it is the player's move: fetch state, replay
+// playTurn plays one turn in g over the player's client when it is the player's
-// history, pick a legal move and submit it (or exchange / pass).
+// move: fetch state, replay history, pick a legal move and submit it (or exchange /
-func (d *Driver) playTurn(ctx context.Context, p seed.Account, g *Game, rng *rand.Rand) {
+// pass). It reports whether the game has finished, so the caller can drop it from the
+// rotation.
+func (d *Driver) playTurn(ctx context.Context, c *edge.Client, p seed.Account, g *Game, rng *rand.Rand) (finished bool) {
 	seat := g.seatOf(p.ID.String())
 	if seat < 0 {
-		return
+		return false
 	}
 	t0 := time.Now()
-	st, code, err := d.edge.State(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
+	st, code, err := c.State(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
 	d.rec.Record("game.state", code, time.Since(t0))
-	if err != nil || code != "ok" || !st.Game.Active() || st.Game.ToMove != seat {
+	if err != nil || code != "ok" {
-		return
+		return false
+	}
+	if !st.Game.Active() {
+		return true
+	}
+	if st.Game.ToMove != seat {
+		return false
 	}
 
 	t0 = time.Now()
-	hist, hc, err := d.edge.History(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
+	hist, hc, err := c.History(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
 	d.rec.Record("game.history", hc, time.Since(t0))
 	if err != nil || hc != "ok" {
-		return
+		return false
 	}
 
 	action, err := d.moves.Pick(g.Variant, hist, st.Rack, st.BagLen, rng)
 	if err != nil {
 		d.log.Debug("pick move", "variant", g.Variant, "err", err)
-		return
+		return false
 	}
 	switch action.Kind {
 	case "play":
 		t0 = time.Now()
-		_, c, _ := d.edge.SubmitPlay(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, action.Dir, action.Tiles)
+		_, code, _ := c.SubmitPlay(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, action.Dir, action.Tiles)
-		d.rec.Record("game.submit_play", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("game.submit_play", code, time.Since(t0))
 	case "exchange":
 		t0 = time.Now()
-		_, c, _ := d.edge.Exchange(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, action.Exchange)
+		_, code, _ := c.Exchange(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, action.Exchange)
-		d.rec.Record("game.exchange", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("game.exchange", code, time.Since(t0))
 	default:
 		t0 = time.Now()
-		_, c, _ := d.edge.Pass(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
+		_, code, _ := c.Pass(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
-		d.rec.Record("game.pass", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("game.pass", code, time.Since(t0))
 	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // secondaryOp exercises one of the non-move edge operations the plan calls out, so
-// the run touches nudge / chat / check-word / draft / profile / stats too.
+// the run touches nudge / chat / check-word / draft / profile / stats too, over the
-func (d *Driver) secondaryOp(ctx context.Context, p seed.Account, g *Game, rng *rand.Rand) {
+// player's own client.
+func (d *Driver) secondaryOp(ctx context.Context, c *edge.Client, p seed.Account, g *Game, rng *rand.Rand) {
 	t0 := time.Now()
 	switch rng.Intn(7) {
 	case 0:
-		c, _ := d.edge.Nudge(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
+		code, _ := c.Nudge(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
-		d.rec.Record("chat.nudge", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("chat.nudge", code, time.Since(t0))
 	case 1:
-		c, _ := d.edge.ChatPost(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, "gg")
+		code, _ := c.ChatPost(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, "gg")
-		d.rec.Record("chat.post", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("chat.post", code, time.Since(t0))
 	case 2:
-		c, _ := d.edge.CheckWord(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, []byte{0, 1, 2})
+		code, _ := c.CheckWord(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, []byte{0, 1, 2})
-		d.rec.Record("game.check_word", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("game.check_word", code, time.Since(t0))
 	case 3:
 		// rack_order is an opaque string and board_tiles a (here empty) array, per the
 		// backend draft DTO; a malformed shape is rejected as bad_request.
-		c, _ := d.edge.DraftSave(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, `{"rack_order":"","board_tiles":[]}`)
+		code, _ := c.DraftSave(ctx, p.Token, g.ID, `{"rack_order":"","board_tiles":[]}`)
-		d.rec.Record("draft.save", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("draft.save", code, time.Since(t0))
 	case 4:
-		c, _ := d.edge.DraftGet(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
+		code, _ := c.DraftGet(ctx, p.Token, g.ID)
-		d.rec.Record("draft.get", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("draft.get", code, time.Since(t0))
 	case 5:
 		lang := "en"
 		if rng.Intn(2) == 1 {
 			lang = "ru"
 		}
-		c, _ := d.edge.ProfileUpdate(ctx, p.Token, p.Name, lang)
+		code, _ := c.ProfileUpdate(ctx, p.Token, p.Name, lang)
-		d.rec.Record("profile.update", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("profile.update", code, time.Since(t0))
 	default:
-		c, _ := d.edge.Stats(ctx, p.Token)
+		code, _ := c.Stats(ctx, p.Token)
-		d.rec.Record("stats.get", c, time.Since(t0))
+		d.rec.Record("stats.get", code, time.Since(t0))
 	}
 }