# backend

`backend` is the consolidated business service of the Galaxy platform. It
owns identity, sessions, lobby, game runtime, mail, notifications, geo
signals, and administration. It is reachable only from `gateway` over
the trusted network. See `../docs/ARCHITECTURE.md` for the platform-level
context, security model, and decision rationale.

## 1. Purpose

A single Go binary that:

- Serves three HTTP route groups (`/api/v1/public/*`, `/api/v1/user/*`,
  `/api/v1/admin/*`) plus health probes.
- Hosts a gRPC `SubscribePush` server consumed by `gateway`.
- Owns one Postgres schema (`backend`).
- Talks to the Docker daemon to run game engine containers.
- Talks to an SMTP relay to send mail through a durable outbox.
- Reads the GeoLite2 country database for source-IP country lookup.

This README describes how the binary is laid out, configured, and run.
The implementation specification lives in `PLAN.md`.

## 2. API Surfaces

| Prefix             | Auth                                            | Audience                              |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| `/api/v1/public/*` | none                                            | Registration, code confirmation       |
| `/api/v1/user/*`   | `X-User-ID` injected by gateway                 | Authenticated end users               |
| `/api/v1/admin/*`  | HTTP Basic Auth against `admin_accounts`        | Platform administrators               |
| `/healthz`         | none                                            | Liveness probe                        |
| `/readyz`          | none                                            | Readiness probe                       |

The full contract is documented in `openapi.yaml` and validated at
runtime by the contract tests under `internal/server/`.

## 3. Module Layout

```text
backend/
├── cmd/
│   ├── backend/         # main.go: process entrypoint
│   └── jetgen/          # jet code generator runner
├── internal/
│   ├── admin/           # admin_accounts, Basic Auth verifier, admin operations
│   ├── auth/            # email-code challenges, device sessions, Ed25519 keys
│   ├── config/          # env-var loader, Validate
│   ├── diplomail/       # diplomatic-mail messages, recipients, translations
│   ├── dockerclient/    # docker/docker wrapper for container ops
│   ├── engineclient/    # net/http client to galaxy-game containers
│   ├── geo/             # geoip lookup, declared_country, per-user counters
│   ├── lobby/           # games, applications, invites, memberships, RND
│   ├── mail/            # outbox worker, SMTP delivery, dead letters
│   ├── notification/    # intent normalisation, push + email fan-out
│   ├── postgres/        # pgx pool, embedded migrations, jet/
│   ├── push/            # gRPC SubscribePush server
│   ├── runtime/         # engine version registry, container lifecycle, scheduler
│   ├── server/          # gin engine, route groups, middleware, handlers
│   ├── telemetry/       # otel runtime, zap factory
│   └── user/            # accounts, settings, entitlements, sanctions, soft delete
├── proto/
│   └── push/v1/         # push.proto and generated gRPC code
├── docs/                # per-stage decision records (one file per decision)
├── openapi.yaml         # full REST contract (public + user + admin)
├── go.mod
├── Makefile             # `make jet` regenerates jet code
└── README.md
```

## 4. Configuration

All configuration is environment-based; there are no flags or files.
`Validate()` is called once at startup; missing required values fail
fast.

| Variable                                | Required | Default                       | Purpose                                               |
| --------------------------------------- | -------- | ------------------------      | ---------------------------------------------------   |
| `BACKEND_HTTP_LISTEN_ADDR`              | no       | `:8080`                       | HTTP listener for REST surfaces and probes.           |
| `BACKEND_HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT`             | no       | `30s`                         | HTTP read timeout.                                    |
| `BACKEND_HTTP_WRITE_TIMEOUT`            | no       | `30s`                         | HTTP write timeout.                                   |
| `BACKEND_HTTP_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT`         | no       | `15s`                         | Graceful shutdown budget for HTTP server.             |
| `BACKEND_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT`              | no       | `30s`                         | Process-wide cap applied to each component shutdown.  |
| `BACKEND_GRPC_PUSH_LISTEN_ADDR`         | no       | `:8081`                       | gRPC listener for the push interface.                 |
| `BACKEND_GRPC_PUSH_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT`    | no       | `10s`                         | Graceful shutdown budget for the gRPC server.         |
| `BACKEND_LOGGING_LEVEL`                 | no       | `info`                        | zap log level.                                        |
| `BACKEND_POSTGRES_DSN`                  | yes      | —                             | pgx-style Postgres DSN. Must include `search_path=backend` so unqualified reads and writes resolve to the service-owned schema. |
| `BACKEND_POSTGRES_MAX_CONNS`            | no       | `25`                          | Pool max connections.                                 |
| `BACKEND_POSTGRES_MIN_CONNS`            | no       | `2`                           | Pool min connections.                                 |
| `BACKEND_POSTGRES_OPERATION_TIMEOUT`    | no       | `5s`                          | Default per-statement timeout.                        |
| `BACKEND_SMTP_HOST`                     | yes      | —                             | SMTP relay host.                                      |
| `BACKEND_SMTP_PORT`                     | no       | `587`                         | SMTP relay port.                                      |
| `BACKEND_SMTP_USERNAME`                 | no       | —                             | SMTP auth username (omit for anonymous).              |
| `BACKEND_SMTP_PASSWORD`                 | no       | —                             | SMTP auth password.                                   |
| `BACKEND_SMTP_FROM`                     | yes      | —                             | RFC-5321 From address.                                |
| `BACKEND_SMTP_TLS_MODE`                 | no       | `starttls`                    | `none`, `starttls`, or `tls`.                         |
| `BACKEND_MAIL_WORKER_INTERVAL`          | no       | `2s`                          | How often the outbox worker scans for new work.       |
| `BACKEND_MAIL_MAX_ATTEMPTS`             | no       | `8`                           | Maximum delivery attempts before dead-lettering.      |
| `BACKEND_DOCKER_HOST`                   | no       | `unix:///var/run/docker.sock` | Docker daemon endpoint.                               |
| `BACKEND_DOCKER_NETWORK`                | yes      | —                             | User-defined Docker bridge network for engines.       |
| `BACKEND_GAME_STATE_ROOT`               | yes      | —                             | Host directory bind-mounted into engine containers.   |
| `BACKEND_ADMIN_BOOTSTRAP_USER`          | no       | —                             | Initial admin username; idempotent insert.            |
| `BACKEND_ADMIN_BOOTSTRAP_PASSWORD`      | no       | —                             | Initial admin password; required if user is set.      |
| `BACKEND_GEOIP_DB_PATH`                 | yes      | —                             | Filesystem path to GeoLite2 Country `.mmdb`.          |
| `BACKEND_OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER`          | no       | `otlp`                        | `none`, `otlp`, `stdout`.                             |
| `BACKEND_OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER`         | no       | `otlp`                        | `none`, `otlp`, `stdout`, `prometheus`.               |
| `BACKEND_OTEL_PROTOCOL`                 | no       | `grpc`                        | `grpc` or `http/protobuf`. OTLP only.                 |
| `BACKEND_OTEL_ENDPOINT`                 | no       | provider default              | OTLP endpoint URL.                                    |
| `BACKEND_OTEL_PROMETHEUS_LISTEN_ADDR`   | no       | `:9100`                       | When `BACKEND_OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER=prometheus`.      |
| `BACKEND_SERVICE_NAME`                  | no       | `galaxy-backend`              | Resource attribute for telemetry.                     |
| `BACKEND_FRESHNESS_WINDOW`              | no       | `5m`                          | Mirrors gateway freshness window for push cursor TTL. |
| `BACKEND_AUTH_CHALLENGE_TTL`            | no       | `10m`                         | Lifetime of an issued `auth_challenges` row.          |
| `BACKEND_AUTH_CHALLENGE_MAX_ATTEMPTS`   | no       | `5`                           | Maximum confirm-email-code attempts per challenge.    |
| `BACKEND_AUTH_CHALLENGE_THROTTLE_WINDOW`| no       | `60s`                         | Rolling window over which challenges are counted toward throttle. |
| `BACKEND_AUTH_CHALLENGE_THROTTLE_MAX`   | no       | `3`                           | Max un-consumed, non-expired challenges per email per window before reuse kicks in. |
| `BACKEND_AUTH_USERNAME_MAX_RETRIES`     | no       | `10`                          | Retry budget for synthesising a unique placeholder `accounts.user_name` at registration. |
| `BACKEND_LOBBY_SWEEPER_INTERVAL`        | no       | `60s`                         | How often the lobby sweeper releases expired pending_registrations and auto-closes enrollment-expired games. |
| `BACKEND_LOBBY_PENDING_REGISTRATION_TTL`| no       | `720h` (30 days)              | Lifetime of a `pending_registration` Race Name Directory entry awaiting promotion. |
| `BACKEND_LOBBY_INVITE_DEFAULT_TTL`      | no       | `168h` (7 days)               | Default expiry applied to invites whose request body omits `expires_at`. |
| `BACKEND_ENGINE_CALL_TIMEOUT`           | no       | `60s`                         | Per-call timeout for engine writes (init, turn, banish, command, order). |
| `BACKEND_ENGINE_PROBE_TIMEOUT`          | no       | `5s`                          | Per-call timeout for engine reads (status, report, healthz). |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_WORKER_POOL_SIZE`      | no       | `4`                           | Long-running runtime job concurrency. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_JOB_QUEUE_SIZE`        | no       | `64`                          | Buffered runtime-job channel depth. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_RECONCILE_INTERVAL`    | no       | `60s`                         | Interval between reconciler passes against the Docker daemon. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PULL_POLICY`     | no       | `if_missing`                  | Engine image pull policy: `if_missing`, `always`, `never`. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_CONTAINER_LOG_DRIVER`  | no       | `json-file`                   | Docker log driver applied to engine containers. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_CONTAINER_LOG_OPTS`    | no       | —                             | Comma-separated `key=value` pairs forwarded to the log driver. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_CONTAINER_CPU_QUOTA`   | no       | `2.0`                         | Engine container `--cpus`. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_CONTAINER_MEMORY`      | no       | `512m`                        | Engine container `--memory`. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_CONTAINER_PIDS_LIMIT`  | no       | `256`                         | Engine container `--pids-limit`. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_CONTAINER_STATE_MOUNT` | no       | `/var/lib/galaxy-game`        | Absolute in-container path for the per-game state bind mount. |
| `BACKEND_RUNTIME_STOP_GRACE_PERIOD`     | no       | `10s`                         | SIGTERM-to-SIGKILL grace period for engine container stop. |
| `BACKEND_STACK_LABEL`                   | no       | —                             | Optional value stamped as `galaxy.stack=<value>` on every engine container backend spawns. Lets host-side tooling (Makefile / CI) scope cleanup to one dev stack. Empty → label is not applied. |
| `BACKEND_NOTIFICATION_ADMIN_EMAIL`      | no       | —                             | Recipient address for admin-channel notifications (`runtime.*` kinds). When empty, admin-channel routes are recorded as `skipped` and the catalog is partially silenced. |
| `BACKEND_NOTIFICATION_WORKER_INTERVAL`  | no       | `5s`                          | Notification route worker scan interval. |
| `BACKEND_NOTIFICATION_MAX_ATTEMPTS`     | no       | `8`                           | Notification route delivery attempts before dead-lettering. |
| `BACKEND_DIPLOMAIL_MAX_BODY_BYTES`      | no       | `4096`                        | Maximum size of `diplomail_messages.body` enforced at send time. Tune at runtime without a migration. |
| `BACKEND_DIPLOMAIL_MAX_SUBJECT_BYTES`   | no       | `256`                         | Maximum size of `diplomail_messages.subject`. Subject is optional; empty is always accepted. |
| `BACKEND_DIPLOMAIL_TRANSLATOR_URL`      | no       | —                             | Base URL of a LibreTranslate-compatible instance (`http://libretranslate:5000`). Empty → translator falls through to no-op (recipients are delivered with the original body). |
| `BACKEND_DIPLOMAIL_TRANSLATOR_TIMEOUT`  | no       | `10s`                         | Per-request HTTP timeout for the translation worker. |
| `BACKEND_DIPLOMAIL_TRANSLATOR_MAX_ATTEMPTS` | no   | `5`                           | Number of failed HTTP attempts before the worker delivers the message with the original body (fallback). |
| `BACKEND_DIPLOMAIL_WORKER_INTERVAL`     | no       | `2s`                          | How often the async translation worker scans for pending pairs. The worker processes one pair per tick. |

If `BACKEND_ADMIN_BOOTSTRAP_USER` is set without
`BACKEND_ADMIN_BOOTSTRAP_PASSWORD`, `Validate()` fails. If neither is
set, no bootstrap insert happens and operators are expected to have
seeded `admin_accounts` ahead of time.

## 5. Persistence

- One Postgres database, schema `backend`. The role used by `backend`
  must own the schema (or be granted `CREATE` on it for migrations).
- Migrations live in `internal/postgres/migrations/`, are embedded into
  the binary via `embed.FS`, and are applied with `pressly/goose/v3`
  before the HTTP listener opens. The startup path also issues a
  `CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS backend` so a fresh database does not
  trip goose's bookkeeping table on the first migration.
- Migrations are sequence-numbered (`0000N_*.sql`) and applied
  additively. `00001_init.sql` is the historical baseline; every
  schema change after it is a new file with a higher prefix. See
  `internal/postgres/migrations/README.md` for the authoring rules.
- Queries are written through `go-jet/jet/v2`. The generated code is in
  `internal/postgres/jet/backend/` and is committed; `internal/postgres/jet/jet.go`
  carries package metadata that survives regeneration.
- `make jet` regenerates the jet code: it spins up a transient Postgres
  container, applies the migrations, runs `cmd/jetgen`, and writes the
  output back into `internal/postgres/jet/backend/`. Goose's
  bookkeeping table is dropped before generation so it does not leak
  into the generated package.
- `BACKEND_POSTGRES_DSN` must include `search_path=backend`; the runtime
  pool relies on this so unqualified reads and writes resolve to the
  service-owned schema.

Idempotency is enforced through UNIQUE indexes on durable tables; there
is no separate idempotency-key table. Worker pickup uses `SELECT ...
FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED` ordered by `next_attempt_at`.

## 6. In-Memory Cache

`backend` warms the following caches at startup before the HTTP listener
opens:

- Active device sessions (lookup by `device_session_id`).
- User entitlement snapshots (lookup by `user_id`).
- Engine version registry (lookup by version label, populated by `internal/runtime`).
- Active runtime records (lookup by `game_id`, populated by `internal/runtime`).
- Active games and their memberships.
- Race Name Directory canonical keys.
- Admin accounts.

Each cache is updated write-through in the same domain transaction
that touches Postgres. Caches are bounded to MVP-scale data sets; if any
cache grows beyond the budget, the architecture document mandates a
discussion before moving the cache out of process.

## 7. gRPC Push Interface

The push interface is the only gRPC server hosted by `backend`. The
contract is in `proto/push/v1/push.proto`:

```proto
service Push {
  rpc SubscribePush(GatewaySubscribeRequest) returns (stream PushEvent);
}

message PushEvent {
  oneof kind {
    ClientEvent client_event = 1;
    SessionInvalidation session_invalidation = 2;
  }
  string cursor = 3;
}
```

- `ClientEvent` carries an opaque payload addressed to a `(user_id [,
  device_session_id])`. Gateway signs and forwards it to active client
  subscriptions. Producers do not pass raw bytes to `push.Service`;
  instead they pass a typed `push.Event` (`Kind() string`,
  `Marshal() ([]byte, error)`) and `push.Service` invokes Marshal at
  publish time. Every notification catalog kind (§10) has a 1:1
  FlatBuffers schema in `pkg/schema/fbs/notification.fbs`; the
  notification dispatcher routes `(kind, payload)` to a typed event
  through `notification.buildClientPushEvent`, so client decoders can
  rely on a stable wire shape per kind. `push.JSONEvent` remains as a
  safety net for kinds that arrive without a catalog schema. The frame
  also carries `event_id`, `request_id`, and `trace_id` correlation
  strings populated by backend producers (notification dispatcher
  fills `event_id` from `route_id`, `request_id` from the originating
  intent's `idempotency_key`, and `trace_id` from the active span);
  gateway re-emits the values inside the signed client envelope
  without re-interpreting them.
- `SessionInvalidation` instructs gateway to close active subscriptions
  and reject in-flight requests for the affected sessions.
- `cursor` is a monotonically increasing string. Gateway stores the last
  consumed cursor and uses it on reconnect. The format is opaque to
  gateway; backend only guarantees lexicographic monotonicity within a
  process lifetime, and resets the sequence after a restart.
- Backend keeps an in-memory ring buffer of recent events with a TTL of
  `BACKEND_FRESHNESS_WINDOW`. Cursors that have aged out resume from a
  fresh point.
- A gateway reconnect with the same `gateway_client_id` replaces the
  previous subscription (`codes.Aborted` is returned to the older
  stream). Distinct ids fan out as separate broadcast targets.
- Cursor format is a zero-padded decimal `uint64` string emitted by an
  in-process counter; gateway treats it as opaque.
- Ring buffer eviction is by TTL plus a fixed capacity ceiling.
  Backpressure is per-connection drop-oldest: if the buffered channel
  for a subscriber overflows, the oldest event for that connection is
  discarded and the loss is logged so operators can correlate the gap
  on the gateway side.

## 8. Engine Client

`internal/engineclient` is a thin `net/http`-based client that targets
running engine containers at `http://galaxy-game-{game_id}:8080`. It
uses the DTOs in `pkg/model/{order,report,rest}` directly; it does not
introduce its own request/response types.

Endpoints used:

- `POST /api/v1/admin/init`
- `GET  /api/v1/admin/status`
- `PUT  /api/v1/admin/turn`
- `POST /api/v1/admin/race/banish`
- `PUT  /api/v1/command`
- `PUT  /api/v1/order`
- `GET  /api/v1/report`
- `GET  /healthz`

Engine-version arbitration lives in `internal/runtime`. Patch updates
are semver-patch-only inside the same major/minor line; major or minor
changes require explicit stop and start. Reconciliation adopts
unrecorded containers tagged with the `galaxy.backend=1` label and
marks recorded containers that are missing as removed.

## 9. Mail Outbox

Tables in schema `backend`:

- `mail_deliveries` — one row per logical delivery, keyed by
  `(template_id, idempotency_key)`.
- `mail_recipients` — `(delivery_id, address)`.
- `mail_attempts` — append-only attempt log.
- `mail_dead_letters` — terminal failure mirror with the latest payload
  pointer for forensics and resend.
- `mail_payloads` — opaque rendered payload bytes.

Lifecycle:

1. Producer writes the delivery and payload rows in one transaction.
2. The worker picks the row with `SELECT ... FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED`,
   sends through SMTP using `wneessen/go-mail`, records the attempt,
   and either marks `sent` or schedules `next_attempt_at` with
   exponential backoff and jitter.
3. After `BACKEND_MAIL_MAX_ATTEMPTS` the delivery moves to
   `mail_dead_letters` and the worker writes an operator log line.
   The `mail.dead_lettered` notification kind is reserved in the
   catalog (see §10) but has no producer wired up yet, so no admin
   email or push event is emitted today; admin observability for
   dead letters relies on the log line and the
   `/api/v1/admin/mail/dead-letters` listing.
4. Operators can resend a `pending`, `retrying`, or `dead_lettered`
   delivery via `POST /api/v1/admin/mail/{delivery_id}/resend`. Resend
   on a `sent` delivery returns `409 Conflict` so operators cannot
   accidentally redeliver an email that already left the relay.

On startup the worker drains every row in `pending` or `retrying`
state. There is no separate recovery flow.

`mail_attempts.attempt_no` is monotonic across the entire history of a
single `delivery_id` — a resend keeps the previous attempts and appends
new ones rather than restarting the counter. `EnqueueLoginCode` uses a
server-side UUID as `idempotency_key` so callers cannot collide; other
template producers (notification routes, future direct callers) supply
a stable key, and the UNIQUE on `(template_id, idempotency_key)`
prevents duplicate delivery rows.

## 10. Notification Catalog

The catalog is the closed set of `notification_kind` values understood
by `internal/notification`. Each kind specifies the channels it fans
out to and the payload fields used by templates and clients. The
`auth.login_code` row is delivered directly through the mail outbox
from `internal/auth` and is not materialised inside
`notification_routes` — the auth flow needs the delivery row to commit
synchronously with the challenge, which the notification dispatcher
cannot guarantee.

| Kind                                | Channels      | Payload essentials                                       |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| `auth.login_code` *(direct mail)*   | email         | `code`, `ttl`                                            |
| `lobby.invite.received`             | push, email   | `game_id`, `inviter_user_id`                             |
| `lobby.invite.revoked`              | push          | `game_id`                                                |
| `lobby.application.submitted`       | push          | `game_id`, `application_id`                              |
| `lobby.application.approved`        | push, email   | `game_id`                                                |
| `lobby.application.rejected`        | push, email   | `game_id`                                                |
| `lobby.membership.removed`          | push, email   | `game_id`, `reason`                                      |
| `lobby.membership.blocked`          | push, email   | `game_id`                                                |
| `lobby.race_name.registered`        | push          | `race_name`                                              |
| `lobby.race_name.pending`           | push, email   | `race_name`, `expires_at`                                |
| `lobby.race_name.expired`           | push          | `race_name`                                              |
| `runtime.image_pull_failed`         | admin email   | `game_id`, `image_ref`                                   |
| `runtime.container_start_failed`    | admin email   | `game_id`                                                |
| `runtime.start_config_invalid`      | admin email   | `game_id`, `reason`                                      |
| `game.turn.ready`                   | push          | `game_id`, `turn`                                        |
| `game.paused`                       | push          | `game_id`, `turn`, `reason`                              |

Admin-channel kinds (`runtime.*`) deliver email to
`BACKEND_NOTIFICATION_ADMIN_EMAIL`; when the variable is empty, those
routes land in `notification_routes` with `status='skipped'` and the
operator log line records the configuration miss.

`game.turn.ready` and `game.paused` are emitted by
`lobby.Service.OnRuntimeSnapshot`
(`backend/internal/lobby/runtime_hooks.go`):

- `game.turn.ready` fires whenever the engine's `current_turn`
  advances. Idempotency key `turn-ready:<game_id>:<turn>`, JSON
  payload `{game_id, turn}`.
- `game.paused` fires whenever the same hook flips the game
  `running → paused` because a runtime snapshot landed with
  `engine_unreachable` / `generation_failed`. Idempotency key
  `paused:<game_id>:<turn>`, JSON payload
  `{game_id, turn, reason}` (reason carries the runtime status
  that triggered the transition). The runtime scheduler
  (`backend/internal/runtime/scheduler.go`) forwards the failing
  snapshot through `Service.publishFailureSnapshot` so a single
  failing tick reliably reaches lobby.

Both kinds target every active membership and route through the
push channel only — per-turn / per-pause email would be spam — so
the UI's signed `SubscribeEvents` stream
(`ui/frontend/src/api/events.svelte.ts`) is the sole delivery
path. The order tab consumes them via
`OrderDraftStore.resetForNewTurn` / `markPaused`
(`ui/docs/sync-protocol.md`).

The remaining `game.*` (`game.started`, `game.generation.failed`,
`game.finished`) and `mail.dead_lettered` are reserved kinds without
a producer in the catalog; adding them is an additive change to the
catalog vocabulary and the migration CHECK constraint.

Templates ship in English only; localisation belongs to clients that
render the push payload, not to the backend mail body. Per-route mail
idempotency uses the `route_id` UUID as `idempotency_key`, so retried
notifications and partial failures cannot fan out a duplicate email.

## 11. Geo Profile

`internal/geo` operates on the GeoLite2 Country database loaded from
`BACKEND_GEOIP_DB_PATH` at startup.

- `SetDeclaredCountryAtRegistration(user_id, ip)` is called from
  `auth.confirmEmailCode`. It looks up the country and writes it to
  `accounts.declared_country`. The value is never updated after.
- `IncrementCounterAsync(user_id, ip)` is called from the user-surface
  middleware. It launches a goroutine that looks up the country and
  upserts `(user_id, country, count)` in `user_country_counters`. The
  caller does not block.
- Lookup errors are logged and ignored; geo work never blocks the user.

There is no aggregation, no automatic flagging, no version history of
declared country, no admin-side review workflow. Counter rows are
exposed to operators via the admin surface for manual inspection only.

## 12. Admin Surface

- HTTP Basic Auth credentials are checked against `admin_accounts`
  (Postgres). Passwords are hashed with bcrypt cost 12.
- Bootstrap on startup: if `BACKEND_ADMIN_BOOTSTRAP_USER` is configured
  and no row with that username exists, insert one with the hashed
  bootstrap password. The insert is idempotent.
- Admin endpoints are grouped by domain:
  - `POST/GET /api/v1/admin/admin-accounts/*` — manage admins.
  - `GET/POST /api/v1/admin/users/*` — list, lookup, sanction, limit, soft delete.
  - `GET/POST /api/v1/admin/games/*` — list, create (public-game), inspect, force start/stop, ban member.
  - `GET/POST /api/v1/admin/runtimes/*` — inspect runtime, restart, patch.
  - `GET/POST /api/v1/admin/mail/*` — list deliveries, resend, view attempts.
  - `GET     /api/v1/admin/notifications/*` — inspect notifications and dead letters.
- Failed Basic Auth returns `401` with `WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="galaxy-admin"`.

## 13. Local Run

Prerequisites:

- Go toolchain matching `go.work`.
- Postgres reachable via `BACKEND_POSTGRES_DSN` (a local container is
  fine).
- An SMTP server (`mailhog`, `mailpit`, or any other dev relay) reachable
  via `BACKEND_SMTP_HOST`/`BACKEND_SMTP_PORT`.
- Docker daemon reachable via `BACKEND_DOCKER_HOST` (the local socket is
  the default; running engines through this requires the user-defined
  bridge named in `BACKEND_DOCKER_NETWORK`).
- A GeoLite2 Country `.mmdb` file at `BACKEND_GEOIP_DB_PATH`. For tests,
  use the synthetic mmdb generator under `pkg/geoip/test-data/`.

Run:

```bash
go run ./backend/cmd/backend
```

Migrations are embedded and applied at startup. Bootstrapping the first
admin happens on the first run if the env vars are set. Subsequent
restarts are idempotent.

## 14. Testing

Three levels:

- **Unit tests** colocated with the implementation (`*_test.go` next to
  the file under test). Use `testify` for assertions, `go.uber.org/mock`
  for interface mocking when an external boundary justifies it.
- **Contract tests** under `internal/server/`. Validate every request
  and response against `openapi.yaml` at runtime via `kin-openapi`. New
  endpoints must be added to `openapi.yaml` first; the contract test
  fails until the implementation matches.
- **Integration tests** under `../integration/` (top-level repo
  module). Use `testcontainers-go` for Postgres and optionally for an
  SMTP capture container. Cover the user flows end to end through the
  real backend binary.

`make test` runs unit and contract tests. `make integration-test` runs
the integration suite (requires Docker).

## 15. Telemetry

Required minimum signals:

- `http_requests_total{group, method, path, status}` and
  `http_request_duration_seconds{...}` for each route group.
- `grpc_push_subscribers` (gauge), `grpc_push_events_total{kind}`,
  `grpc_push_dropped_total{gateway_client_id}`.
- `mail_outbox_depth{state}` (gauge), `mail_attempts_total{outcome}`,
  `mail_dead_letters_total`.
- `notification_intents_total{kind, outcome}`,
  `notification_routes_total{channel}`.
- `runtime_container_ops_total{op, outcome}`,
  `runtime_health_probes_total{outcome}`.
- `geo_lookups_total{outcome}`.
- `db_pool_acquires_total`, `db_pool_in_use{...}`, `db_pool_waits_total`.

Tracing covers HTTP request → domain operation → Postgres calls →
external client calls (SMTP, Docker, engine). Every span is linked to
the request id.

Logs are JSON, written to stdout, with `otel_trace_id` and
`otel_span_id` injected when a span context is available. The minimum
fields are `ts`, `level`, `caller`, `service`, `msg`, plus per-call
context.

## 16. Operational Notes

- Graceful shutdown drains in this order on SIGTERM/SIGINT: stop
  accepting new HTTP and gRPC traffic → wait for in-flight requests
  (bounded by `BACKEND_HTTP_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT` and the gRPC counterpart)
  → flush mail outbox writes that have already started → drain push
  events to gateway → close the Docker client → close the Postgres pool.
- `/healthz` returns 200 unconditionally as long as the process is
  alive.
- `/readyz` checks: Postgres reachable, migrations applied, gRPC
  listener bound. Returns 503 until all hold.
- Logs are JSON to stdout. Crash dumps go to stderr.
- Configuration changes require a restart; there is no live reload.
- Bootstrap admin password should be rotated through the admin surface
  immediately after the first deploy.

## 17. Service Documentation

Extended service-local documentation lives in [`docs/`](docs/):

- [Documentation index](docs/README.md)
- [Runtime and components](docs/runtime.md)
- [Domain and protocol flows](docs/flows.md)
- [Operator runbook](docs/runbook.md)
- [Configuration and OpenAPI examples](docs/examples.md)

Primary references:

- [`PLAN.md`](PLAN.md) — historical staged build-up of the service.
- [`openapi.yaml`](openapi.yaml) — REST contract.
- [`../docs/ARCHITECTURE.md`](../docs/ARCHITECTURE.md) — workspace-level architecture.
